A typical property owner that lives on a private road is not considered by most concerned to be liable for that road.  However, if that property owner collected tolls, all bets are off.  If that property owner installs a speed bump, their ins co would probably cancel their homeowners policy. Generally regarded, a property owner may perform typical or usual maintenance on the road with little concern but not much else without assuming some liability.  Others are better able to discuss road associations.  Hope this helps.